Office Address:               Health Care Systems Department

                                        The Wharton School

                                        204 Colonial Penn Center

                                        3641 Locust Walk

                                        Philadelphia, PA  19104

Telephone:                      Office:         (215) 898‑0694

                                        Fax:            (215) 573-2157

                                        Email          danzon@wharton.upenn.edu

                                                          http://hc.wharton.upenn.edu/danzon/index.htm

EDUCATION

Ph.D., University of Chicago, Economics, 1973

MA, University of Chicago, Economics, 1969 

BA First Class, University of Oxford, England, Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 1968

ACADEMIC POSITIONS

Chair, Health Care Systems Department, 1994–1997, 2004–2007.

Celia Moh Professor, Health Care Systems Department; Joint appointment in Insurance and Risk Management; The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1985–present

Visiting Professor, University of Chicago, Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, 1988–1989

Associate Professor, Center for Health Policy and Institute of Policy Sciences; Adjunct Professor, Department of Economics; Lecturer, Law School; Duke University, 1984–1985

Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1980–1984

Research Economist, The Rand Corporation, and Instructor, Rand Graduate Institute for Policy Studies 1974–1980

Visiting Assistant Professor, Economics Department, University of California, San Diego, 1978

Lecturer, University of Chicago, 1972

SELECTED CONSULTING EXPERIENCE

Alliance of American Insurers

American Hospital Association

American Medical Association

Analysis Group, Inc.

Asian Development Bank

California Commission on Tort Reform

Committee for Economic Development

C-S First Boston

Florida Medical Association

Global Alliance for Vaccines (GAVI)

Health Insurance Association of America

Hospital Corporation of America

Institute for Civil Justice, The Rand Corporation

Insurance Services Office

Merck & Co. Inc.

New Zealand Business Roundtable

New Zealand Treasury

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association

Pfizer, Inc.

U.S. AID

USHealthCare

World Bank

OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Editorial Boards

Elsevier Press. Encyclopedia of Health Economics Section editor on the Biopharmaceutical, Medical Device and Diagnostics Industries. 2010–2012.

Oxford University Press, Handbook on the Biopharmaceutical Industry Co-editor (with Sean Nicholson). 2009–2011.

International Journal of Health Finance and Economics, 2000–present

Journal of Health Economics, 1984–2009

Research in Law and Economics, 1990–

Journal of Bio-Law and Business, 1997–2000

Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1990–1997

Law, Medicine and Health Care, 1984–1989

American Economic Review, 1982–1985

Other Professional Appointments

National Bureau of Economic Research, Research Associate, 2000–present.

Institute of Medicine, Member 1991–present.

National Academy of Social Insurance, Member, 1992–present.

National Academies, Policy & Global Affairs Oversight Board, Member, 2004–2010.

National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center Advisory Board, Member, 2004–2008.

GAVI, Economic Expert Group on Advance Market Commitment for Pneumococcal Vaccine, 2007–2008.

CGD, Drug Resistance Working Group, 2007–2008.

Institute of Medicine, Board on Global Health, Member, 2000–2004.

Institute of Medicine Committee on Malaria, Member, 2002–2004.

California Health Benefits Review Program, National Advisory Board, Member, 2004–2006.

American Enterprise Institute, Adjunct Scholar, 1993–2006.

European Commission, Working Party on Creating a Single Market in Pharmaceuticals, 1996–1998.

Association for Health Services Research, AHSR Fellow.

New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, Advisory Board Member. 

Australian National University, Centre for Law & Economics, Overseas Advisory Committee Board.

American Law and Economics Association, Board Member, 1991–1993.

Economic Institute for Federal Judges, Faculty Member Program on Liability and Insurance, George Mason Law School, 1990, 1991.

Committee for Economic Development, Project Director for Who Should Be Liable?: A Guide to Policy for Managing Risk (published May 1989), 1987–1989.

Co-editor, with Richard Epstein, Journal of Legal Studies, August 1984.

        Corporate and Other Boards

Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Advisory Board 2011–

Office of Health Economics, London, Policy Board  1995–present.

Medarex Inc., Director 2005–2009.

Merck Vaccines Advisory Board, 2003–2009.

International Health Economics Association Board 2000–2004

BIOSIS Board, 1999–2000.

Choral Arts Society of Philadelphia, 1999–2002.

Presbyterian Medical Center, Board, 1991–1993.

       Selected Executive Education and Conference Organization

Wharton Windhover Program for Pharmaceutical Executives, Academic Co-Director, with Roger Longman, The Aresty Institute, 1999–2011.

Novo Nordisk, 2011.

Sanofi, 2010.

Merck Vaccines, 2010.

Teva Program on Global Pharmaceuticals, July 2007. Academic Director

Wyeth/Pfizer Global Positioning, Nov. 2004–2010.

Merck, Finance 2004–2010.

Wharton Impact Conference on Pharmaceutical Innovation in the Global Economy. Conference Organizer. The Wharton School, October 2002.

HONORS AND AWARDS

American Risk and Insurance Association, Award for Outstanding Article. “Alternative Liability Regimes for Medical Injuries: Evidence from Simulation Analysis.” August 1995.

American Association of Risk and Insurance, Award for Outstanding Article. “Occupational Disease: Evaluating the Options,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, June 1987, 1988.

American Risk and Insurance Association, Elizur Wright Award, for Medical Malpractice: Theory, Evidence and Public Policy, 1987.

VISITING APPOINTMENTS  AND FELLOWSHIPS

Visiting Fellow, London School of Economics and City University, Spring 1998

Visiting Fellow, Institute de Sciences Politiques, Paris, Summer 1992, 1993

Visiting Fellow, CS First Boston and Victoria University, New Zealand, Summer 1990

Visiting Fellow, Australian National University, Summer 1989

Mont Pelerin Society Fellowship–1982

Ford Foundation Fellowship – University of Chicago — 1968–1973

Fulbright Travel Grant — 1968–1973

PUBLICATIONS

        Books and Monographs

The Life Cycle of Pharmaceuticals: A Cross National Perspective. With Jeong Kim. Office of Health Economics. March 2002.

Prices, Competition and Regulation in Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Comparison. With LiWei Chao. London: Office of Health Economics. 2000.

Price Comparisons for Pharmaceuticals: A Review of US and Cross-National Studies. 1999. Washington DC: AEI.

Rate Regulation and Cost Growth in Workers’ Compensation Insurance. With Scott E. Harrington. The American Enterprise Institute Press. 1998.

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation: National Policies vs. Global Interests. The American Enterprise Institute Press. 1997.

Trade and Price Differentials for Pharmaceuticals:  Policy Options. London: Office of Health Economics. 1997.

Global Budgets Versus Competitive Cost-Control Strategies. American Enterprise Institute Special Studies in Health Reform. 1994.

Responsible National Health Insurance with Mark Pauly, Paul Feldstein and John Hoff. The American Enterprise Institute Press. 1992.

Medical Malpractice: Theory, Evidence and Public Policy.  Harvard University Press, 1985.

        Journal Articles

“Setting Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds as a Means to Achieve Appropriate Drug Prices in Rich and Poor Countires.” With Adrian Towse and Andrew Mulcahy. Health Affairs.30(8) 2011:1529-1538.

“Exits from Vaccine Markets in the US: The Role of Competition vs. Regulation.” With Nuno Pereira. Forthcoming in International Journal of the Economics of Business.

“Commercial Importation of Prescription Drugs in the US: Short-run Implictions,” with Scott J. Johnson, Genia Long and Michael F. Furukawa. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 36.2: 295 - 316.  April 2011.

“Drug Pricing and Value in Oncology,”  with Erin Taylor. The Oncologist. 2010:15(suppl 1):24-31.

“International Prices and Availability of Pharmaceuticals in 2005,” with Michael Furukawa. Health Affairs January 2008.

“'Crises' in Medical Malpractice Insurance: Evidence of Excessive Price Cutting in the Preceding Soft Market.” With Scott Harrington. Journal of Banking and Finance. 2008.

“Dynamic Competition in Pharmaceuticals: Cross-National Evidence from New Drug Diffusion,” With Ernie Berndt and Greg Kruse,  Managerial and Decision Economics. August 2007.

“Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” with Sean Nicholson and Andrew J. Epstein.  Managerial and Decision Economics, August 2007.

“Prices and Availability of Biopharmaceuticals: An International Comparison,” with Michael Furukawa. Health Affairs September 2006.

“Vaccine Supply: A Cross-National Perspective.” With Nuno Pereira and Sapna Tejwani. Health Affairs May/June 2005.

“Why Sole Supplier Vaccine Markets May be Here to Stay.” With Nuno Pereira. Health Affairs May/June 2005

“Alternative Strategies for Medicare Payment of Outpatient Prescription Drugs - Part B and Beyond.” With Gail R. Wilensky and Kathleen E. Means.  American J. of Managed Care, 11(3): 173-180, 2005.

 “The Impact of Price Regulation on the Launch Delay of New Drugs.” With Y. Richard Wang and Liang Wang. Health Economics, 14(3), 2005.

"Productivity in Pharmaceutical-Biotechnology R&D: The Role of Experience and Alliances" With Sean Nicholson and Nuno Sousa Pereira. J. of Health Economics, 24(2): 317-339, 2005.

“Biotech-Pharma Alliances as a Signal of Asset and Firm Quality.” With Sean Nicholson and Jeff McCulloch. J. of Business July 2005.

"From the Field: Closing the Doughnut Hole: No Easy Answers." Health Affairs Web Exclusive. July 2004.

"Prices and Availability of Pharmaceuticals: Evidence From Nine Countries." With Michael F. Furukawa. Health Affairs Web Exclusive. October 2003.

"Differential Pricing for Pharmaceuticals: Reconciling Access, R&D, and Patents." With Adrian Towse. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics. 3: 183-205, 2003.

“Effects of Tiered Prescription Co-Payments on the Use of Preferred Brand Medications” With Tom Rector and Mark Pauly. Medical Care, 41(3). March 2003.

“Health Insurance and the Growth of Pharmaceutical Expenditures.” With Mark V. Pauly. J. Legal Studies, XLV(2) Pt. 2. (October 2002): 587-613.

“Welfare Effects of Supplementary Insurance: A Comment” J. Health Economics, 21 (5): 923-926.  2002.

“Comments on 'The Assault on Managed Care: Vicarious Liability, the ERISA Preemption and Class Actions'” with Frank Sloan. J. Legal Studies, 30(2). 2002.

“The Economics of Gene Therapy and of Pharmacogenetics,” with Adrian K. Towse. Value in Health,5(1): 5-13, 2002.

“A General Model of the Impact of Absenteeism on Employers and Employees,” with Mark Pauly et al. Health Economics,11(3): 221-232, 2002.

“Insurance and New Technology: From Hospital to Drugstore,” with Mark Pauly. Health Affairs,20(5):86-100, 2001.

“Workers’ Compensation Rate Regulation: How Price Controls Increase Costs,” with Scott Harrington. J. Law and Economics,44: 1-36, 2001.

“Making Sense of Drug Prices.”  Regulation,23(1): 56-63, 2000.

"Pharmaceutical Benefit Management: An Alternate Approach." March 2000. Health Affairs. 19(2).

“Cross-National Price Differences for Pharmaceuticals: How Large and Why?” with LiWei Chao. J. Health Economics, 19: 159-195, 2000.

“Does Regulation Drive out Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry?” with LiWei Chao.  J. Law and Economics,43(2): 311-357, 2000. Reprinted in "Law, Medicine, and Medical Technology: Cases and Materials" Eds. Lars Noah and Barbara A. Noah (forthcoming, Foundation Press, 2002).

“The Genomic Revolution: Is the Real Risk Under-investment Rather than Bankrupt Health Care Systems?” with Adrian K. Towse.  J. Health Services Research and Policy,5(4), October 2000. 

“Rate Regulation, Safety Incentives and Loss Growth in Workers’ Compensation Insurance,” with Scott Harrington.  Journal of Business,73: 569, 1999. 

“Medical Negligence and the NHS: An Economic Analysis,” with Adrian Towse. Health Economics, 8: 93-101, 1999. 

“The Economics of Parallel Trade.” PharmacoEconomics, 13(3): 293-304, March 1998.

"Competition in the Off-Patent Sector: The US Experience." Pharma Pricing Review, 3(3), 1998.   

"Competition for Off-Patent Pharmaceuticals: Lessons from the US." EuroHealth,4(2): 24-26, 1998.

“International Price Comparisons for Pharmaceuticals: Measurement and Policy Issues,” with Jeong Kim. PharmacoEconomics, 14(1): 115-128, 1998.

“Price Differentials for Medicines Between and Within Countries.” European Pharmaceutical Law Notebooks, III(8), 1997.

“Price Discrimination for Pharmaceuticals: Welfare Effects in the US and the EU.” International J. of the Economics of Business, 4(3): 301-321, 1997.

“Price, Financial Quality, and Capital Flows in Insurance Markets,” with J. David Cummins. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 6: 3-38, January 1997.

“Tort Liability: A Minefield for Managed Care?” Journal of Legal Studies, XXVI (2) Part 2, June 1997.

“Consolidation is a Tonic for Health Care Providers.”  National Law Journal, September 18, 1995.

 “Merger Mania: An Analysis,” Health Systems Review. 27(6), 1994.

“Health Care Reform: An International Perspective,” with Grant D.H. Maclaine, Australian Economic Review, 1994.

“Price Cutting in Liability Insurance Markets,” with Scott E. Harrington, Journal of Business, 67(4) 1994.

“The Swedish Patient Compensation System: Myths and Realities,” International Review of Law and Economics, (1994) 14.

“Alternative Liability Regimes for Medical Injuries: Evidence from Simulation Analysis,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, 61(2), June 1994.

“Tort Reform: The Case of Medical Malpractice,” Oxford Review of Economic Papers, 10(1), 1994.

“The Swedish Patient Compensation System: Lessons for the U.S.” Journal of Legal Medicine, 15(2), June 1994.

“The Economic Implications of Public Disability Insurance in the U.S.”  Journal of Labor Economics, 11 (1) Part 2, January 1993

“Hidden Overhead Costs: Is Canada's System Really Less Expensive?”  Health Affairs, Spring 1992.

“Liability for Medical Malpractice,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 1991.

“A Plan for Responsible National Health Insurance,” with Mark Pauly, Paul Feldstein and John Hoff.  Health Affairs, Spring 1991.

“The 'Crisis' in Medical Malpractice: Trends in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and Australia,” Law, Medicine and Health Care,18:1-2, 1990..

“The Effects of Malpractice Litigation on Physicians' Fees and Incomes,” with Mark V. Pauly and Raynard S. Kington, American Economic Review, May 1990.

“Alternative Liability Regimes for Medical Injuries,” Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, January 1990.

“The Political Economy of Workers' Compensation: Lessons for Product Liability,”American Economic Review, May 1988.

“The Effects of Tort Reforms on the Frequency and Severity of Medical Malpractice Claims,” Ohio State Law Journal, 48 (2), 1987.

“Occupational Disease: Evaluating the Options,” Journal of Risk and Insurance, LIV (2), June 1987.

“The Frequency and Severity of Medical Malpractice Claims: New Evidence,” Law and Contemporary Problems, 49 (2), Spring 1986.

“Liability and Liability Insurance for Medical Malpractice,” Journal of Health Economics, (4) 1985. 

“Comment on Landes and Posner, ‘A Positive Economic Analysis of Products Liability’,” Journal of Legal Studies, December 1985.

“Separation of the Redistributive and Allocative Functions of Government: A Public Choice Perspective,” with Marilyn R. Flowers, Journal of Public Economics, 1984. Reprinted in The Foundations of 20^th Century Economics: Landmark Papers Selected by Nobel Laureates; James Buchanan Edward Elgar Press.

“Tort Reform and the Role of Government in Private Insurance Markets,” Journal of Legal Studies, August 1984.

“The Frequency and Severity of Medical Malpractice Claims,” Journal of Law and Economics, April 1984.

“Factors Affecting Laboratory Test Use and Prices,” with Willard G. Manning, Jr. and M. Susan Marquis, Health Care Financing Review, 1983.

“Rating Bureaus in U.S. Property-Liability Insurance Markets: Anti or Pro-Competitive?” Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, October 1983.

“Settlement Out of Court: The Disposition of Medical Malpractice Claims,” with Lee A. Lillard, Journal of Legal Studies, June 1983.

“An Economic Analysis of the Medical Malpractice System,” Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 1(1), 1983.

“Contingent Fees for Personal Injury Litigation,” Bell Journal, Spring 1983. 

“Hospital 'Profits': The Effects of Reimbursement Policies,” Journal of Health Economics, (1), 1982.

“Economic Incentives to Order Lab Tests: Theory and Evidence,” Socioeconomic Issues in Health, June 1980.

“Solvency Regulation in the Property-Liability Insurance Industry: Empirical Evidence,” with Dennis Smallwood, Bell Journal of Economics, 11(3): 2691-279, Spring 1980.

“Comment on Victor R. Fuchs, 'From Bismarck to Woodcock: The Irrational Pursuit of National Health Insurance',” Journal of Law and Economics, August 1976.

“An Economic Analysis of Eminent Domain,” Journal of Political Economy, 84(3): 473-498, June 1976.

        Chapters in Books

“Introduction” and “Regulation of Pricing and Reimbursement” in Handbook on the BioPharmaceutical Industry. Eds. P. Danzon and S. Nicholson. Oxford University Press. Forthcoming.

“Regulation of the BioPharmaceutical Industry” in Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (revised edition). Edward Elgar. Forthcoming.

"The Pharmaceutical Industry." in Handbook on Health Economics, eds. S. Glied and P. Smith. Oxford University Press. Forthcoming.

"Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Industry." with Adrian Towse. In Handbook on Regulation, ed. Martin Cave. Oxford University Press. Forthcoming.

"Drug Pricing and Value in Oncology Compared to Other Areas in Medicine." with Erin Taylor. In Assessing and Improving Value in Cancer Care. National Academies Press, Institute of Medicine. 2009.

“Regulation of the Biopharmaceutical Industry.”  With Eric Keuffel. In Economic Regulation and its Reform: What Have We Learned?  ed. Nancy Rose. NBER and University of Chicago Press. Forthcoming.

“Product Development Priorities.” With Adel Mahmoud, John Barton and Roy Mugerwa.” in Disease Control Priorities. Eds. Dean Jamison and Joel Bremen. Institute of Medicine. April 2006

“Theory and Implementation of Differential Pricing for Pharmaceuticals.” With Adrian Towse. In International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Eds. Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman Cambridge University Press 2004.

“The 'Crisis' in Medical Malpractice Insurance” with Andrew Epstein and Scott Johnson. In Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services: 2004 , Richard Herring and Robert Litan, eds. Brookings Institution Press. 2004

"Reference Pricing of Pharmaceuticals for Medicare: Evidence from Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand." With Jonathan D. Ketcham. In Frontiers in Health Policy Research, Vol. 7, David M. Cutler & Allan M. Garber, eds. National Bureau of Economic Research and MIT Press. 2004.

Comment on “Malpractice Pressure, Managed Care and Physician Behavior.” in Regulation through Litigation, ed. W. Kip Viscusi. AEI Brookings Joint Center. July 2002. http://www.aei.brookings.org/publications/abstract.php?pid=253

“Differential Pricing of Pharmaceutical: Reconciling Access, R&D and Patents.” Report for Working Group 2 of the WHO Commission on MacroEconomics and Health. Dec. 2001. www.cmhealth.org.

“The Economics of Parallel Trade”  in The Economics of Intellectual Property , eds. Ruth Towse and Rudi Holzhauer. Edward Elgar. 2002.

“Reference Pricing: Theory and Empirical Evidence” in The Economics of Reference Pricing and Pharmaceutical Policy G. López-Casasnovas and Bengt Jonsson (eds.) Colección de Economía de la salud y Gestión Sanitaria Springer Verlag, Barcelona  2001.

“Health Care: Competition and Productivity.” 2001. With Michael Furukawa. In The Economic Payoff from the Internet Revolution, The Brookings Task Force on the Internet.  Brookings Institution Press.

“Medical Malpractice.” 1999.  Handbook of Health Economics, eds. J. Newhouse and A. Culyer. Elsevier.

“The Pharmaceutical Industry.”  2000. In The Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, eds.  B. Bouckaert and G. de Geest. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar (printed) and electronic at European Internet site http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~gdegeest, or www.findlaw.com.

“The Effect of Price Regulation on Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry.”  2000.  With Allison Percy Studies in Income and Productivity eds. A. Heston and R. Lipsey.  NBER-Chicago:  U.Chicago Press.

“The Economics of Liability Insurance.” 2000.  With Scott Harrington.  Insurance Economics, Revised Second Edition.  Ed. Georges Dionne. Kluwer.

“The Economic Implications of Genomics.”  1999.  In Genomics and the Pharmaceutical Industry London: Office of Health Economics.

“Medical Malpractice.” 1998. In P. Newman (ed.) The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law London: MacMacmillan Press.

“The Perspectives of Buyers and Sellers of Pharmaceuticals: A Comment” 1998. In Policy Issues in Pharmaceutical Cost Effectiveness Research J. Calfee (ed.) American Enterprise Institute Press.

“International Drug Price Comparisons: Uses and Abuses,” in Competition Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry, ed. Robert B. Helms, The AEI Press, 1996.

“International Price Comparisons,” in Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials, ed. Bert Spilker, Raven Press, 1996.

“Consolidation and Restructuring: The Next Step in Managed Care,” Health Care Management:  State of the Art Reviews, 2 (1), August 1995. eds. Harvey Jolt and Martin M. Leibovici, Hanley and Belfus, Inc.

“Global Budgets: Why, What, How?” in Health Policy Reform: Competition & Controls, ed. Robert B. Helms, The AEI Press, 1994.

“The Effects of Shifting Medical Expense from PIP Auto Coverage to First Party Health Insurance,” in Insurance, Risk Management, and Public Policy, eds. Sandra G. Gustavson & Scott E. Harrington, Kluwer, 1994.

“The Hidden Costs of Budget-Constrained Health Insurance Systems,” in American Health Policy: Critical Issues for Reform, ed. Robert B. Helms, The AEI Press, 1993.

“Capital Flows and Underwriting Cycles in Liability Insurance,” with David Cummins in Workers' Compensation Insurance:  Claim Costs, Prices and Regulation, eds. David Durbin & Philip Borba, Kluwer, 1993.

“The Determination of Workers' Compensation Benefit Levels,” in Workers' Compensation Insurance:  Claim Costs, Prices and Regulation, eds. David Durbin & Philip Borba, Kluwer, 1993.

“Health Care,” in The Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics, eds. David Henderson & Rena Henderson, 1993.

“Malpractice Liability: Is the Grass on the Other Side Greener?” in Tort Law and the Public Interest, ed. Peter Shuck, American Assembly/Norton, 1991.

“The Demand for and Supply of Liability Insurance,” with Scott Harrington, in Insurance Economics, ed. Georges Dionne, Kluwer, 1991.

“Market Incentives and Medical Malpractice,” in Tackling our Toughest Health Care Problems, eds. Ken McLennan and Jack Meyer, Westview Press, 1989.

“Medical Malpractice Liability,” in Liability: Perspectives and Policy, eds. Robert E. Litan and Clifford Winston, The Brookings Institution, 1988.

“Medical Malpractice: An Economic Perspective,” in Medical and Hospital Malpractice: Law and Litigation, ed. Zaremski and Goldstein, Callaghan & Co., 1988.

“Medical Malpractice: Trends and Reforms,” in Medical Malpractice: Proceedings of the Eleventh Private Sector Conference, ed. Duncan Yaggy and Patricia Hodgson, Duke University, 1987.

“Liability and Insurance for Medical Maloccurrences: Are Innovations Different,” in Medical Innovation and Bad Outcomes: Legal, Social and Ethical Responses, ed. Mark Siegler, Health Administration Press, 1987.

“Health Policy in 1984: The Crisis in Costs,” in To Promote Prosperity: U.S. Domestic Policy in the Mid‑1980s, ed. John Moore, Hoover Press, 1984.

“Reimbursement Policies: Lessons from Medicare,” in National Health Policy: What Role for Government?, Hoover Press, 1982.

“Theory of Solvency Regulation in the Property/Casualty Insurance Industry,” with Dennis Smallwood, in Studies in Regulation, ed. Gary Fromm, MIT Press, 1981.

“A Dynamic Model of Optimum Bonus Management,” in Defense Manpower Policy, ed. Richard V. L. Cooper, The Rand Corporation, 1979.

“Causes of the Medical Malpractice Insurance Crisis: Risk and Regulation,” in The Economics of Medical Malpractice, American Enterprise Institute, December, 1978.

        Working Papers

“Vaccine Supply: Effects of Regulation and Competition” with Nuno S. Pereira. NBER Working Paper 17205. July 2011.

“Cross-National Evidence on Generic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmacy vs. Physician-Driven Markets” with Michael Furukawa. NBER Working Paper 17226. July 2011.

“Pharmaceutical Pricing in Emerging Markets: Effects of Income, Competition and Procurement” with Andrew Mulcahy and Adrian Towse. NBER Working Paper 17174 June 2011.

“Value-based Differential Pricing: Setting Optimal Absolute and Relative Prices for Drugs Cross-Nationally” with Adrian Towse and Jorge Ferrandiz. December 2010.

“Effects of Regulation on Drug Launch and Pricing in Interdependent Markets”  with Andrew Epstein. NBER Working Paper NBER Working Paper No. 14041. Revised May 2009.

“Differential Pricing of Pharmaceuticals: Reconciling Access, R&D and Patents.” Report for Working Group 2 of the WHO Commission on MacroEconomics and Health. Dec. 2001.

“Defined Daily Doses for Pharmaceuticals:  Risks and Potential.” Health Care Systems Department, The Wharton School. January 1996.

“Can Cost Control and Innovation Co-Exist?” OECD.  September 1995.

“The Effects of Price Regulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry.” April 1995.

“The Effects of Health Care Reform on Incentives for Innovation,” with Li Wei Chao and Allison Percy. February 1995.

“Radical Alternatives for Medical Malpractice: Lessons from Sweden and New Zealand.”  March 1993

“The New Zealand Accident Compensation Scheme: Lessons for the U.S.,” Revised, March 1993.

“Administrative Costs, Price Regulation and Efficiency: A New Look at Old Issues.” December 1992.

“Gap and Supplementary Insurance in New Zealand: Theory, Evidence and Policy Options.” February 1992.

“Medical Malpractice: Incidence and Incentive Effects,” March 1990.

“Mandated Employment-Based Health Insurance: Incidence and Efficiency Effects,” Revised, November 1989.

Other Published Reports

“The Effects of Regulation on the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Report to the Chaire D’Economie et Gestion de la Sante, Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. October 1994.

“Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in New Zealand.” Report to the New Zealand Department of Health. 1991

“Options for Health Care in New Zealand,” 1990.  Report to the New Zealand Business Roundtable. CS-First Boston New Zealand Inc.

“Covering the Uninsured: How Much Would It Cost?”  1987.  With Frank Sloan.  LDI Policy Decision Paper No. 9, December 1986.

“State Health Insurance Pools: An Evaluation.”  Report to the Program on Access to Care, North Carolina, August 1987.

“Expanding Employment‑Based Health Insurance.”  Report to the Program on Access to Care, North Carolina, August 1987.

“An Evaluation of Solvency Regulation in the Property‑Liability Insurance Industry,” with Scott E. Harrington.  Report to the Alliance of American Insurers, July 1986.

“Alternative Financing of Health Care in Jamaica” Report to the World Bank, October 1985.

“Health Care for the Uninsured Poor,” with C. Johnston Conover.  Center for Health Policy Research and Education, Duke University, August 1985.

“The Resolution of Medical Malpractice Claims: Modelling the Bargaining Process,” with Lee A. Lillard, The Rand Corporation, R‑2792‑ICJ, 1982.

“The Resolution of Medical Malpractice Claims: Research Results and Policy Implications,” with Lee A. Lillard, The Rand Corporation, R‑2793‑ICJ, 1982.

“Economic Factors in the Use of Laboratory Tests of Office‑Based Physicians,” The Rand Corporation, R‑2525/1‑HCFA, 1982.

“Civilian Earnings of Military Retirees,” The Rand Corporation, R‑2355‑MRAL, 1981.

“The Disposition of Medical Malpractice Claims,” The Rand Corporation, R‑2622‑HCFA, 1980.

“Why are Malpractice Premiums So High or So Low?”  The Rand Corporation, R‑2623‑HCFA, 1980. 

“Comments on NAIC Program to Monitor Competition in the Property‑Liability Insurance Industry,” NAIC Proceedings, Vol., No. 1, 1979.

“Costs and Benefits of the Tort System if Viewed as a Compensation System,” The Rand Corporation, P‑5921, June 1977.

“Professional Liability Insurance: The Case for Regulation,” with Dennis Smallwood, The Rand Corporation, WN‑9936‑CCCTR, May 1977.

“Professional Liability,” with Dennis Smallwood, California Citizens' Commission On Tort Reform, 1976.

“Projections of Military Retirement Costs: 1975‑1993,” The Rand Corporation, WN‑9064‑ARPA, June 1975.

SELECTED TESTIMONY AND INVITED SPEECHES

Toulouse Institute for Industrial Economics. Conference on Health Economics and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Plenary address. “Launch and Pricing of New Drugs in Interdependent Markets.”  January 2008

Portuguese Health Economics Association. National Conference on Health Economics. Plenary address. “Competition and Regulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry.” December 2007

Institute of Medicine/National Institutes of Health.  Conference on Nutrigenomics. “The Potential Economic Impact of Nutrigenomics.” June 2006.

NIH Conference on Assessing the Health Effects of Bioactive Food Components. “Estimating the Economic Contribution of Dietary Components in Managing Health Costs.” March 2005.

Institute of Medicine, Annual Meeting. “Differential Pricing: International and Ethical Implications” Washington DC Oct. 2005

Haverford Trust Investors Conference. “The Pharmaceutical Industry.” Oct. 2005

Office of Health Economics/Office of Free Trade (London) “Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Industry.” December 2005

National Association of Social Insurance. Medicare Modernization Conference. “Drug Reimportation.” Washington DC. Jan 2005. 

The Economist Conference on the Pharmaceutical Industry. “Drug Importation: Economic Effects.”  November 2004.

Biotech Industry Organization (BIO) Annual Meeting. “Effects of Drug Importation.” San Francisco. June 2004.

Deutsche Bank Annual Health Care Conference. “Drug Pricing and Reimportation.” May 2004.

National Association of Attorneys General, Pharmaceutical Pricing Meeting. “The Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Columbus, Ohio. August 2002.

Syracuse University, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Center for Policy Research, The 13th Annual Herbert Lourie Memorial Lecture on Health Policy. “Pharmaceuticals: Access, Cost, Pricing, and Directions for the Future.” With Stephen Soumerai. Reprinted as monograph. Syracuse University Policy Brief, 2002; 23.

Royal Institute for Economic Affairs, London, Conference on Squaring the Circle: Shareholder Value and Corporate Social Responsibility. “Differential Pricing for Pharmaceuticals: Reconciling Access, R&D and IP.” March 2002.

UK Treasury, London. “Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry” and “New Evidence on International Price Comparisons.” December, 2001.

Economist Conference on the Pharmaceutical Industry. “Pharmaceutical Pricing”. December 2001. Princeton, NJ.

US Senate Committee on Health, Labor, Education and Pensions. “Pharmaceutical Price Differences and Trade” June 13, 2000.

Congressional Budget Office, “E-Health: Potential and Productivity Effects” June 2000.

National Health Policy Forum, “Pharmaceutical Prices: An International Perspective” May 31, 2000.

UK Treasury, London. “Pharmaceutical Price Differentials, Regulation and Trade.” May 12, 2000.

National Health Policy Forum.  “A Competitive Medicare Drug Benefit.”  March 2000.

Lehman Brothers.  “Making Sense of Pharmaceutical Prices.”  January 2000.

Managed Health Care Association.  “Managing the Pharmacy Benefit.”  January 2000

Brookings Institution . Washington DC. December 1999.

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers.  “Defined Daily Doses for Pharmaceuticals.”  November 1999.

American Enterprise Institute. Washington DC. June 1999. “Reference Pricing.”

International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. Boca Raton. March 1999. “Reference Pricing.”

Central and Eastern European Forum, PHRMA-US Department of Trade, Washington DC. April 1999. “Regulation vs. Competition for Pharmaceuticals.”

IBC Pharmaceutical Law Forum. Brussels. March 1999. “Reference Pricing.”

International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. Boca Raton. March 1999. “Reference Pricing.”

OHE Conference on Genomics. London. February 1999. “Economic Implications of Genomics.”

Conference on Reference Pricing. Barcelona. December 1998. “Reference Pricing: Theory and Evidence.”

SMI Conference on Health Economics. London. December 1998. “Health Economics.”

Handbook of Health Economics Conference. U. Chicago. July 1998. Medical Malpractice

World Bank, Symposium on Pharmaceutical Pricing. "Pricing and Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: The International Experience." Washington DC April 1998.

IBC Pharmaceutical Law Forum. "The Single Market for Pharmaceuticals: Where Next?" Brussels. March 1998.

Office of Health Economics. "Medical Negligence." London, March 1998.

Irish Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Association. “Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals.” Dublin, Nov. 1997

The Fraser Institute. “The Effects of Regulation on Pharmaceutical R&D”. Toronto and Vancouver, November, 1997.

American Conference Institute: Liability Frontiers in a Changing Health Care Environment. “Tort Liability: A Minefield for Managed Care”  New York. January 1997.

European Commission, Roundtable on the Pharmaceutical Industry. “Trade and Price Differentials for Pharmaceuticals.” Frankfurt. December 1996

Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Tokyo.  May 1996.  “The Problems and Challenges of International Price Comparisons.”

OECD, Business and Industry Advisory Committee. May 1995. “Health Care Reform, Industrial Policy and Innovation.”

World Economic Forum, January 1995. Health Care Industry Group. “Managed Care.”

National Health Policy Forum, Sydney, Australia. March 1993. “Overhead Costs of Public and Private Insurance.”

Jackson Hole Group on Health Care Reform.  January 1993. “Options for Tort Reform within Health Care Reform.”

American Enterprise Institute, Conference on Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry.

October 1993.  “International Drug Price Comparisons: Uses and Abuses.”

American Bar Association, Annual Meeting. August 1994. Sections on Taxation, Anti-Trust Law, and Torts and Insurance. “Consolidation and Restructuring in the Health Care Industry: A Precursor to Health Care Reform.”

American Bar Association, May 1992.  “Collateral Source Offset and Tort Reform.”

American Enterprise Institute, Conference on Critical Issues in Health Policy. October 1991.

“Hidden Costs of Budget-Constrained Health Care Systems.”

American Assembly on Tort Liability, May, 1990.  “Malpractice Liability: Is the Grass on the Other Side Greener?” The American Assembly and the American Bar Association, Arden House.

Testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, “The Effect of Tort Reforms on the Frequency and Severity of Medical Malpractice Claims,” March 26, 1986.

National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine Task Force on Medical Malpractice, March 1986.  Topic: “Tort Reform.”

Maryland Joint Executive/Legislative Task Force on Medical Malpractice Insurance, October 1985.  Topic: “The Effects of Tort Reform Measures on the Medical Malpractice Insurance Problem.”

Testimony to the Florida House of Representatives, Committee on Health Care and Insurance, February 1985.

Testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Hearings on Medical Malpractice and Defensive Medicine, July 10, 1984.

SELECTED ACADEMIC CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

International Health Economics Association. “Value-based Differential Pricing: Setting Optimal Prices for Drugs Cross-Nationally.” With Adrian Towse. “Exits from Vaccine Markets in the US: The Role of Competition vs. Regulation.” With Nuno Pereira. July 2011.

American Society of Health Economics. “Generic Markets for Pharmaceuticals.” With Mike Furukawa. “Pharmaceutical Pricing in Emerging Markets.” With Andrew Mulcahy and Adrian Towse. “Coverage and Reimbursement for Cancer Drugs.” With Erin Taylor. June 2010.

Princeton Center for Economic and Policy Studies Symposium on Health Care: Policy and Prospects. November 2006.

American Economic Association Meetings. “Dynamic Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry.” With Ernie Berndt. Jan. 2005.

NBER Regulation Project. “Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Cambridge, MA Sept. 2005.

International Health Economics Association Meetings. “Effects of Regulation on Launch Prices and Launch Lags,” with Andrew Epstein. “Crises in Medical Malpractice Insurance,”  with Andrew Epstein. July 2005

Pfizer Conference on Pharmaceutical Economics, “Dynamic Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Barcelona, Dec. 2005.

Lehigh University. “Effects of Regulation on Drug Launch.” April 2005.

MIT Forum of Global Drug Pricing. “Differential Pricing through Confidential Rebates.” Boston, August 2004.

Princeton Pharma, Biotech and Device Colloquium. “Drug Importation.” Princeton, June 2004.

University of Chicago. “International Price Comparisons for Pharmaceuticals: Evidence and Policy.” May 2004.

Harvard University. "Productivity in Pharmaceutical-Biotechnology R&D: The Role of Experience and Alliances.” Baltimore. April 2004

Royal Institute for Economics Affairs, London. “Squaring the Circle: Shareholder Value and Corporate Social Responsibility.” March 2002.

Bocconi University, Italy. “Pharmaceutical Policy: National vs. Regional?” November, 2001.

International Health Economics Association, “New Evidence on International Price Comparisons” (with Michael Furukawa); “A Hedonic Approach to International Price Comparisons (with LiWei Chao). July 2001.

U. Chicago Conference on Medical Innovation.  “Health Insurance And The Growth of Pharmaceutical Expenditures.” April 2001. With Mark V. Pauly.

University of  Alabama.  “Pharmaceutical Prices.”  March 2000.

U. Penn. Institute for Law and Economics. "Managed Care Liability for Medical Malpractice." April 1998.

Tufts University, European Conference on Health Care. “International Price Comparisons for Pharmaceuticals: Measurement and Policy Issues”  July, 1997

American Economic Association. “Reference Pricing and Physician Drug Budgets:  The German Experience in Controlling Pharmaceutical Expenditures” New Orleans. January 1997.

International Health Economics Association.  May 1996.  “Controlling Pharmaceutical Costs:  Lessons from Germany” and “Trends in Pharmaceutical Prices:  Cross-national Comparisons.”

University of Chicago Law School, Conference on Tort Reform.  May 1996.  “Tort Liability:  A Minefield for Managed Care?”

National Bureau of Economic Research.  Conference on Income and Wealth. March 1996.  “The Effects of Price Regulation on Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry.”

University of Memphis, April 1995. Hirff Lecture. “Consolidation and Restructuring in the Health Care Industry.”

University of Kansas, April 1995. Erhart Lecture. “Consolidation and Restructuring in the Health Care Industry.”

Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. November 1994. “Effects of Price Regulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry.”

Conference on Health Care Reform Strategies in Central Europe. November 1993. “The Role of Pharmaceuticals in Health Care Reform.” 

Arne Ryde Symposium on Law and Economics. August 1993. “The Swedish Patient Compensation System: Myths and Realities.”

American Enterprise Institute. April 1993. Conference on Health Care Expenditure Controls. “Global Spending Limits: Why, What, How?”

Harvard University, Kennedy School. February 1993. Conference on Pharmaceutical Industry Research, Innovation and Public Policy. “Drug Price Reimbursement Policies in the U.S. and Abroad.”

American Risk and Insurance Association. August 1992. “Options for National Health Insurance.”

Association for Health Services Research. June 1992. “Hidden Overhead Costs: Is Canada's System Really Less Costly?”

Geneva Association, 18th Seminar of the European Group of Risk and Insurance Economists, September 1991.  “Price Shocks and Capital Flows in Liability Insurance Markets.” With D. Cummins.

American Law and Economics Association, May 1991.  “Price Cutting in Property-Liability Insurance.”  with Scott E. Harrington.

American Economic Association, December 1989.  “The Effects of Malpractice Litigation on Physicians' Fees and Incomes.”

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, October 1989.  “Medical Care in the U.S.: Problems and Solutions.”

American Society of Law and Medicine, International Conference on Health Law and Ethics, July 1989.  “The “Crisis” in Medical Malpractice: Trends in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and Australia.”

National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass., April 1989.  Conference on Social Insurance.  “Mandated Employment-Based Health Insurance: Incidence and Efficiency Effects.”

Geneva Association, Conference on Professional Liability, March 1988.  “An Evaluation of Alternatives for Medical Liability.” 

American Economic Association, December 1987.  “Insurance Aspects of Product Liability.”

National Council on Compensation Insurance, Seventh Annual Workers' Compensation Research Seminar, November 1987.  “The Political Economy of Workers' Compensation.”

American Risk and Insurance Association, August 1987.  “The Incidence of the Costs of Employment‑Based Health Insurance.”

The Brookings Institution, Conference on The Crisis in Liability Law, June 1987. Topic:  “Medical Malpractice: An Overview of the Issues.”

Yale Law School, 1987.  “The Insurance Crisis, Tort Reform and Insurance Regulation.”

Association of American Law Schools, 1987.  “The Tort Crisis and Tort Reform.”

The World Bank, Conference on Risk‑Sharing for Health Provision in Developing Countries, 1985.  “A Jamaican Case Study.”

American Academy of Actuaries/Casualty Actuarial Society, 1983 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar.  “Reserving for Medical Malpractice Claims: Lessons from Litigation Models and Time Series Analysis.” 1983.  Proceedings published.

Ninth Conference of the European Group of Risk and Insurance Economists, 1982.  “Rating Bureaus in U.S. Property‑Liability Insurance Markets: Anti or Pro Competitive?”

Hoover Institution, Conference on National Health Insurance. 1982.  “Reimbursement Policies: Lessons from Medicare.”

NBER Conference on Public Regulation, December 1977.  With Dennis Smallwood: “Solvency Regulation in the Property/Casualty Insurance Industry.”

American Economic Association, September 1976.  “Causes of the Medical Malpractice Insurance Crisis.”

Conference on Defense Manpower, February 1976.  “A Dynamic Model of Optimum Bonus Management.”

Conference in Celebration of George Stigler's 65th birthday, Chicago, January, 1976.  Discussant of paper by Victor R. Fuchs, “The Irrational Pursuit of National Health Insurance.”

RESEARCH GRANTS RECEIVED (PI or Co-PI)